![]() Suppose you want to list files together with the contents of directories present in the path, then we will use the recursive (R) feature that comes with Linux systems. List files and directory contents recursively with LS -R ls -R prince-of-persia.zip became the first while 1wolf14.zip was at the last index. With LS -R command, the files were reversed. LS -R Command Imageįrom the above image, we first executed the LS command, and the first file was 1wolf14.zip, while the last was prince-of-persia.zip. If you wish to list files in reverse order with the last file in the directory listed first, use the LS -R command. Use LS -R to list files in reverse order ls -r ![]() Note, unlike other previous commands, the F option is in capital letters. Suppose you want to know directories in an output of an LS command, then we will use the LS -F, which adds a forward slash at the end of every directory name. The LS -LH command output the files with the file sizes in a straightforward format. LS -LH Command Imageįrom the image above, the LS -L command file size in bytes, which is not so human-friendly. Unlike the LS -L command alone, which lists the size of files in bytes only, the LS -LH command will show the exact size in bytes(b), kilobytes(kb), megabytes(MB), etc. It is mainly useful when it comes to the size of the data. The LS -LH command is commonly known to list files in a human-readable format. When we ran the LS -A command, on the same directory, it listed all files, including the hidden files. LS -A Command Imageįrom the above image, we first ran the LS command, which listed only a few files. The LS -A command lists all data, including hidden files (dot-files). Unless you have enabled the “show hidden files feature.” In Linux systems, hidden files are those that start with a dot(.) letter. In every operating system, we have hidden files and folders that are not displayed even with the LS -L command. Column seven: It represents the original name of the file or directory as given by the user.Column six: This is the column that deals with time stamps on the file-the date of creation and modifications.Column five: It represents the size of the directory or file.This column represents the group to which the owner belongs. Column four: In Linux systems, users are associated with different groups.Column three: It represents the owner or user who created the file.Column two: Indicates the number of blocks of memory taken by the file. ![]() Column One: It shows the file type and the user permissions assigned to the file.We will look at every single column and what it represents. ![]() LS -L Command Imageįrom the above image, we see the information listed under seven columns. Let’s look at the image below before getting to every column and data presented. The LS -L command lists files and directories together with additional information like permissions, owner, date of creation, etc. List files and Directories using the LS -L ls -l LS command Imageįrom the above image, we ran the LS command on the Desktop, and it listed all the files present. It only lists files in a directory without any further information like permissions and file owner. It is one of the basic LS commands that every Linux user executes daily. List files and directory without additional options ls It is not a surprise that we use the LS command daily, but have we exhausted all the options that come with this great utility? In this article, we will look at 13 LS commands that may be of help in your everyday interaction with Linux systems. ![]()
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